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Manual Reference Pages  - dmath (1)

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dmath - a double precision calculator

CONTENTS

Description
Interactive Commands
Math Expressions
Examples
See Also
License
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Authors

dmath
(There are no command line options.)

dmath is a double precision calculator that takes its commands from stdin and writes its results to stdout. It also supports bitwise operations on integer values - which are converted out of and back into double precision float represenation as needed. Operations are supported both on scalar and array operands.

dmath may be obtained as part of the drm_tools package from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/drmtools/

help,h,?
	Show the help message
hexp	Show the syntax for math expressions
=A	Store the last result in variable A.
>A	Add an element to array A and store last result in it.
<A	List all values in A.
>>Name	Store the last operation as Name.
<<Name	Run stored operation Name.
xxName	Delete stored operation Name.
??	List the stored operations.
[no]echo
	Echo input to output (instead of just results).
digits #
	The number of digits shown after the decimal for double precision notations and the total number of digits shown for integer notations. (default is 6)
sci,eng
	Set scientific/engineering notation and show double precision numbers.
sint,uint,oint,xint
	Set signed, unsigned, octal, and hexadecimal notation and show integer numbers (converted with truncation from double precision numbers).
pnz,nnz
	Print -0 as 0/-0 in scientific and engineering notation.
math expression
	A MATH EXPRESSION to calculate.
info	Show version and copyright information.
exit,quit
	Exit the program.

Math expressions use an algebraic syntax to operate on 26 variables ($A-$Z, not case sensitive).

Scalar and Array math: Unless otherwise noted operators and functions will work with either scalar or array operands. If array operands are used the result will also be an array, with intermediate values stored in the leftmost array at each operation. In scalar math the RETURN value is meaningful, but it is not in array math.

Array elements are indexed as 1->N (from start) or -1->-N (from end).

  Operands:
    12e-1,120,0xF0,0o77,0b1010
                         numbers in float, integer, hexadecimal, octal, or binary formats
    $A                   variable ($A is the same as $A[1])
    $A[12],$A[3,4],$A[]  element, range of elements, all elements
  Assignment:
    $A[6]  = 1+$B[$C[3]] to an element
    $A[1,2]= $B[3,4]     to a range of alements (number must match)
    $A[]   = 3           to an entire array
    Expressions may contain 0 or 1 ’=’ assignments.
  Operators:  val1 OP val2
    +        addition
    -        subtraction
    *        multiplication
    %        remainder
    ^        power (val1 ^ val2)
    ?        compare (returns 1,0,-1 if value is >,==,< zero)
  Functions(val):
    log      base 10 log
    ln       natural log
    e10      10^val
    ee       e^val
    chs      change sign
    abs      absolute value
    rnd      round to nearest int
    lid      round away from zero to next integer
    trc      round towards zero to next integer
    sin,asin sine, arc sine (angle in radians)
    cos,acos cosine, arc cosine
    tan,atan tangent, arc tangent
    d2r      degrees to radians
    r2d      radians to degress
    sinh,cosh,tanh    hyperbolic sine, cosine,tangent
    not      bitwise not (unsigned integer)
  Functions(val1,val2):
    max      maximum
    min      minimum
    and,or,xor   bitwise and, or, xor (unsigned integer).
    shl,shr   bitwise shift left/right (unsigned integer).
  Functions($A[range])  [scalar results only]: 
    len      number of cells
    sum      sum of cells
    sm2      sum of squares of cells
    inv      invert order of cells in range,  Returns 0.
    del      delete cells in range.  Returns elements remaining.
             (If all deleted, variable is reset to one element with value zero.)
    idx      replace elements with their array positions (1-N).  Returns 0.
    srt      sort elements into ascending order.  Returns 0.
    six      replace elements with the positions they would occupy
             if sorted into ascending order.  Ie {5,10,-21} -> {2,3,1}. Returns 0.
    nml      test for normal numbers. 0=all elements normal, 1=at least one
             infinite, 2=at least one NaN, 3=some infinite and some NaN
  Functions($A[],value)  [scalar results only]:
    dim       (Re)size $A to value entries.  New elements = 0.0. Returns 0.
  Functions($A[],val1,val2,...)  [scalar results only]:
    cat       Add values as new elements to $A, returns new length.
    ini       (Re)initialize $A with values as elements, returns (new) length.
  Functions($A[],$B[])  [array results only]
      Rearrange array contents.  RETURN value is not meaningful.
    map      $A[i]    = $A[$B[i]] for all i in the range.
    ump      $A[$B[i]]= $A[i]     for all i in the range (unmap).
  Operator Precedence:
    ^  >  */%  >  +-  >  ? > (), > =

These examples assume they are run in the order shown, so that results
from preceding operations are present.

5+3/6
         Emits 5.500000.

ini($A[],1,20,3,4,10)
         Initialize the variable $A as an array with 5 values 1,20,3,4,10.
         Emits 5.000000, the number of elements in $A.

ee(1)
>A
         Emits 2.718282 and then appends that value as a new element to
         variable $A.

<A
         Emits:
            1 1.000000
            2 20.000000
            3 3.000000
            4 4.000000
            5 10.000000
            6 2.718282
        
digits 3
sci
$A[6]
         Emits: 2.718e+00
        


eng
dim($B[],len($A[]))
$B[]=$A[]
$B[1,3] - 5 - sum($B[2,5])
<B  
         Emits:
         0.000   from dim() 
         6.000   from array assignment,number of elements
         1.000   from array math, value has no significance
            1 -31.000 Contents of $B following array math
            2 -12.000
            3 -29.000
            4 4.000
            5 10.000
            6 2.718
            

     

extract(1)

GNU General Public License 2

Copyright (C) 2012 David Mathog and Caltech.

none

David Mathog, Biology Division, Caltech <mathog@caltech.edu>